1. What is initramfs? It is ramfs that serves as an initial rootfs. It contains a complete set of directories that you would find on a normal root filesystem. It is bundled into a single cpio archive and (optionally) further compressed by one of the common compression algorithms like gzip or xz. 2. What is it used for? …

bss 段：存放未初始化的全局变量（包括静态全局变量）和初始化为0的全局变量（包括静态全局变量），属于静态分配内存（bss = Block Started by Symbol） data 段：数据段，用来存放已经初始化且初始化值为非零的全局变量（包括静态变量） text 段：通常是指用来存放程序执行代码的一块内存区域。这部分区域的大小在程序运行前就已经确定，并且内存区域通常属于只读，某些架构也允许代码段为可写，即允许修改程序。 堆（heap）：堆是用于存放进程运行中被动态分配的内存段，它的大小并不固定，可动态扩张或缩减。当进程调用malloc等函数分配内存时，新分配的内存就被动态添加到堆上（堆被扩张）；当利用free等函数释放内存 …

TTY and its Evolution TTY stands for teletype, a device that let you type in and send commands remotely to the computer and execute them. Its development history is well described on this article , with some useful commands of checking and switching TTY devices on modern Linux system. Based on the article, I draw the …